Spectrophotometric analysis of 5-coordinate cobalt(II) species for ligand substitution of hexakis(acetonitrile)cobalt(II) with bulky 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea in noncoordinating nitromethane.

The ligand substitution reaction of [Co(an)6]2+ (an = acetonitrile) with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea (TMU) in the noncoordinating solvent, nitromethane, was spectrophotometrically investigated by titration. The observed spectral changes were analyzed using a model with the four steps of ligand substitution. The component complexes involved in the substitution were found to be 6-coordinate [Co(an)6]2+ and [Co(an)5(tmu)]2+, 5-coordinate [Co(an)3(tmu)2]2+ and [Co(an)2(tmu)3]2+, and 4-coordinate [Co(tmu)4]2+. The logarithmic values of the stepwise equilibrium constant are 2.17 +/- 0.26, 1.06 +/- 0.15, 1.19 +/- 0.06, and -0.4 +/- 0.4 at 25 degrees C. The decrease in the coordination number of the Co(II) ion from 6 to 5 during the formation of [Co(an)3(tmu)2]2+ and from 5 to 4 during the formation of [Co(tmu)4]2+ is ascribed to the steric repulsion between the coordinating bulky TMU molecules.